how does admiral spruance explain the us victory at midway quizlet
Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 - December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral in World War II. He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. Terms of Use| The U.S. fleet lost fewer men, but it lost a fleet carrier while the Japanese lost only the light carrier Shoho. However, an invasion was rendered unnecessary when the atomic bomb was used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Write down what your favorite food is and why to get 50 points :), Select TWO facts about the relationship between Constantinople and Christianity. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance displayed outstanding leadership and command capabilities during the battle that turned the tide in the Pacific. Spruance was detached from command of the Fifth Fleet on November 8, 1945, and he relieved Fleet Admiral Nimitz as commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean areas. Although he broke the back of the Japanese naval air force by sinking three carriers, two oilers and destroying about 600 enemy airplanes (so many that the remaining Japanese carriers were used solely as decoys in the Battle of Leyte Gulf a few months later due to the lack of aircraft and aircrews to fly them) Spruance has been criticized for not being aggressive enough in exploiting his success in the Philippine Sea. society in the 1950s? Overseeing the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943, he guided Allied forces as they advanced through the Gilbert Islands. About us| >A few days later, Mitscher rejoined Spruance and the Fifth Fleet. He disliked personal publicity and had a reputation for freezing reporters who invaded his privacy. He never smoked and drank little. United States airbase targeted by the Japanese in preparation to invade Hawaii. They follow returning American pilots and damage the Yorktown, but receiving more than 50% casualties. Notwithstanding their different personalities, Spruance and Halsey were close friends. [citation needed]. King said to him "Spruance, you did a damn fine job there. For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! It was June 4, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance and Admira Fletcher had to engage four Japanese ships in the Battle of Midway. Although there are no options attached we can say the following. Then it was back to Pebble Beach. During the joint operations leading to the assault and capture of the important enemy bases, complete integration of Army and Navy units was accomplished under his outstanding leadership, enabling all the forces to perform their closely co-ordinated missions with outstanding success.[24]. transmitted as a message) to Rear Admirals Frank Jack Fletcher and Raymond Spruance on the eve of the battle of Midway To quote a U S Navy website, "Nimitz clearly . Armed with this information, Fletcher ordered Spruance to launch a strike at the Japanese with Enterprise and Hornet while holding Yorktown in reserve in case the other Japanese carriers were discovered. The Americans lost only 17 planes and no ships. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.[1]. When New Mexico was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945 a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the Admiral manning a fire hose amidship. With the end of the war, Spruance aided in returning American troops home before moving through a succession of engineering postings and destroyer commands. Spruance graduated from the U.S. So he changed course northeastward, avoiding the first wave of dive bombers launched against him from Spruances carriers. His steady rise, according to Newsweek magazine, has borne the imprint of his personalityunobtrusive but undeviating. From there, he went on to graduate from the U.S. Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library. Spruance rewarded his trust by playing a decisive role in the US victory at the Battle Of Midway. Although some historians and many newsmen have written many words about Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy and his brilliant career in the Pacific in World War II, the complete story of this reserved and self-effacing man . Spruance, Raymond A. He was responsible for leading the 5th Fleet into the pivotal Battle of the Philippines Sea, nicknamed the 'Great Marianas Turkey Shoot' because a total of 365 Japanese planes were brought down. Shortly after the Midway battle, Spruance became chief of staff to Admiral Nimitz, and in September 1942 was appointed as Deputy Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet. The US intelligence services could predict the way the Japanese carriers and planes would be approaching the battle. When Vice Adm. Bull Halsey was confined to a hospital with a skin disease, Pacific Fleet Commander Nimitz appointed Spruance to succeed him as commander of Task Force 16. Japanese fleet under the direct command of Admiral Yamamoto with over 5 battleships and escort carrier Hosho. Lieutenant aboard the Hiryu who led and was killed during the first Japanese counterattack after the sinking of 3 Japanese aircraft carriers. https://www.historynet.com/admiral-raymond-a-spruance-modest-victor-of-midway/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, How Operation Homecoming Was Sprung into Action to Repatriate American POWs. The Saipan campaign began with air attacks on June 10, 1944. Morison said: Keeping in his mind the picture of widely disparate forces, yet boldly seizing every opening, Raymond A. Spruance emerged from this battle one of the greatest fighting and thinking admirals in American naval history.He was bold and aggressive when the occasion demanded offensive tactics; cautious when pushing his luck too far might have lost the fruits of victory. There are submarines, there are mini-submarines, and then there are human torpedoes. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, April 1955 . Admiral Ernest J. I can thank heredity for a sound constitution, and myself for taking care of that constitution. These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. Locating the Japanese carriers as they were rearming and refueling their aircraft, American bombers inflicted massive damage and sank three. It is regrettable that, owing to Spruances innate modesty and his refusal to create an image of himself in the public eye, he was never properly appreciated. The Turning Point in the Pacific. The Japanese had been battered for weeks by aerial bombardment, and knew the invasion was imminent. Three bombs hammered her. Only 17 of the islands 4,690 Japanese defenders survived to become prisoners. Spruance was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 3, 1886, to Alexander and Annie Hiss Spruance. Midway bought the United States valuable time until the new Essex-class fleet carriers became available at the end of the year. Admiral Spruances last campaigns were the invasions of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and he was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism. The Japanese felt that they had won the encounter. During WWII Italian Commandos Were Tasked to Ride Torpedoes. Word of the sacrifice of VT-8 stunned the United States, and Churchill was reported to have wept when he heard about it. They met practically no opposition because most of the Zeros were still close to the water, not having had time to climb and counterattack. Spruance served as executive officer of USS Mississippi from October 1929 to June 1931. He was modest and candid about himself. Though the fourth, Hiryu, managed to launch bombers which caused critical damage to Yorktown, it too was sunk when American aircraft returned later in the day. Yamato class battleship that served as the Japanese Combined Fleet's Flagship, housing Admiral Yamamoto. After further schooling at the Stevens Preparatory School in New Jersey, Spruance applied to and was accepted by the US Naval Academy in 1903. Once theBattle of the Philippine Sea came to an end, Spruance returned to Pearl Harbour to help plan other landings in the future. His new duties involved planning rather than operations, and Spruance chafed for more action. After his funeral, he was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery near the grave of his wartime commander, Nimitz. He died on 13 December 1969 at the age of 83. Japanese supporting aircraft carrier in Aleutian islands campaign. On February 26, 1940, Spruance reported as commandant of the 10th Naval District with headquarters at Naval Station Isla Grande in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Captain George C. Dyer of the light cruiser Astoria, who served under both Spruance and Halsey, summed up the view of many ship captains: My feeling was one of confidence when Spruance was there. The U.S. casualties were 199 planes, 128 flight personnel and damage to four warships. In the fighting, the Japanese lost three carriers and around 600 aircraft. Raymond Ames Spruance as Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher, Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz and Vice Admiral Willis A. Lee - 1945 He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. He presided over US Forces in the Pacific during two decisive Allied victories: the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the 1944 Battle of the Philippines Sea. edward dean spruancegarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by Why was Chester W Nimitz important? When I look at myself objectively, he wrote in retirement, I think that what success I may have achieved through life is largely due to the fact that I am a good judge of men. He studied hard, and when he graduated in September 1906, he stood 26th in his class. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. One commentator said: The quick success of the offensive was attributed to the strategic daring by which Vice Admiral Spruances forces cut behind the eastern chain of the Marshalls. To the Aleutians, the Japanese dispatched an invasion task force of three transports carrying 2,400 troops, supported by two heavy cruisers, a two-carrier support force and a covering group of four battleships. He was then ordered to the China station, with sea duty aboard the battleship Connecticut and the cruiser Cincinnati. Clarence McClusky, swooped from 19,000 feet onto Nagumos ships. Spruances performance at Midway so impressed Admiral Nimitz that he made him his chief of staff. Naval Academy at Annapolis. The American offensive in the Pacific theater was now enjoying considerable momentum, aided in no small measure by Rear Adm. Marc Mitschers Task Force 58, the most powerful and destructive unit in the history of sea warfare. He was raised in Indianapolis, Indiana. When not in command of the fleet the admirals, and their staffs, were based at Pearl Harbor and planned future operations. Having been promoted to rear admiral in December 1939, he was directed to assume command of the Tenth Naval District (San Juan, PR) in February 1940. Admiral Yamaguchi and the Hiryu's captain decide to stay aboard the ship. A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. "[16] Both Fletcher and Nimitz recommended Spruance for the Distinguished Service Medal for his role in the battle. >The fleet units shielding the Marianas invasion forces were also under Spruances command. That December he was elevated to rear admiral, and in February 1940 he was placed in command of the 10th Naval District (Caribbean), with his headquarters in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He withdrew his ships westward, still hoping to draw Spruance into a trap. B. Jim Crow Laws Yet the decision is hailed by the series's narrator as instrumental in sealing the American victory. It was hit multiple times by aircraft from the IJN Hiryu and later torpedoed by a Japanese submarine before sinking. For exceptionally meritorious service During the Midway engagement which resulted in the defeat of and heavy losses to the enemy fleet, his seamanship, endurance, and tenacity in handling his task force were of the highest quality., (Citation on Rear Admiral Spruances Navy Distinguished Service Medal, awarded for his conduct at the Battle of Midway). The Gilberts attack was planned and directed by Spruance, with the assistance of Rear Adms. [7], He commanded the Percival during the sea trials off the California coast and during the patrol cruises with the Destroyer Force, Pacific Fleet until May 1922, when he was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty in the Bureau of Engineering under Rear Admiral John K. Robison. No matter what other people tell you, your decision was correct". On 6 December 1941 Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese bombers and America was swept into World War Two. He never smoked, and drank little. Up until this time, the Japanese had captured island after island as they . Raymond A. Spruance emerged from the battle one of the greatest admirals in American naval history". [14][15] For his actions at the battle of Midway Rear Admiral Spruance was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and cited as follows: "For exceptionally meritorious service as Task Force Commander, United States Pacific Fleet. During the operation, the Fifth Fleet burned up 630 million gallons of fuelmore than the entire Pacific Fleet used in 1943. He readied himself at Stevens Preparatory School in Hoboken, N.J., and entered Annapolis in July 1903 at age 17. Raymond A. Spruance. 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