signs of overfeeding newborn puppy

By newborn puppies can be vulnerable to various health issues, but the symptoms are relatively easy to spot. She received her Bachelor of Science in Veterinary Technology from Purdue University in 2010. ", Veterinary Medicine and Science: A model of puppy growth during the first three weeks., Veterinary Partner: Orphan Puppy & Kitten Care.. a low body weight - people with a body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 are at risk of being malnourished (use the BMI calculator to work out your BMI) a lack of interest in eating and drinking. Kittens need to eat every 3 hours, no matter what time it is. Its tempting to want to spoil a new puppy with lots of treats, but its important to be careful not to overfeed them. the nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and early lactation, the mothers overall physical health and behavior, and, dilute the total daily volume of milk replacer to a final volume of about 180mL/kg of puppy body weight, and. Its not uncommon for them to pass gas several times a day, sometimes even more. A great deal of activity and crying could indicate a problem with milk flow, quality or availability. Introduce small amounts of semi-solid or solid food to supplement formula, and transition to solid food by 5-6 weeks of age. Puppy Overeating Diarrhea Puppy loose stool overfeeding is a common issue with C-Section moms. This article has been viewed 224,548 times. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Newborns that cry or whine regularly may have a health issue, since puppies typically spend their time eating and sleeping. You can avoid overfeeding your baby by: getting to know the signs that your baby is hungry (instead of when they just want a cuddle) getting to know . Your puppy's life could depend on it. The common symptoms of overfeeding include diarrhea, vomiting, bloating, and a general lack of appetite. So if youre worried that your puppy is eating too much, look out for signs of loose stools and make sure to cut back on their food intake. When you weigh them, take note of their weight. Theyll ask you about feeding, the care youve provided, and give you some suggestions for further care. Be sure to make a note of how much youre making per feeding. Overfeeding: Milk replacer too concentrated: Unclean bottle or nipple: Sour milk: 6150 Stoneridge Mall Road, Suite 125 Pleasanton, CA 94588 925.310.5450 innovationmaddiesfund.org MaddiesFund.org Some of the most common signs of overfeeding include: -Your puppy has a swollen tummy. Newborn puppies cant go to the bathroom on their own. A well-fed puppy starts with a relaxed, healthy, and well-fed mother. After feeding, you can stimulate their reflex to eliminate by gently stroking the area between the anus and vulva or penis with a warm, moistened cotton ball or soft cloth. Newborn puppies are very weak and still dont have a strong enough immunity to fight off any illness or complication. Overfeeding the little one can lead to sleep disturbances. Thank you! If youre unsure how to do it, ask your veterinarian for some tips on getting the puppy to nurse from a bottle or tube. By monitoring their food intake and making sure they get plenty of exercise, you can help them stay at a healthy weight and avoid many of the health problems associated with being overweight. Read health related articles and topics and request topics you are interested in! They should eat every two to three hours from the time you wake until you go to sleep. Overfeeding a puppy can also cause problems with its digestive system, leading to episodes of diarrhea or vomiting. This should be divided into equal feedings throughout a 24-hour period. However, you might force your baby to eat more than they need without realizing it. Frequent, nauseating bowel movements. Normal water intake is relatively high for puppies, needing 130-220 milliliters (mL) of fluid per kilogram (kg) of body weight each day. Since youre handling the pups in the first weeks, its wise to look out for symptoms such as diarrhea or any change in stool consistency or color. If the ribs are not visible, this may be an indication that the puppy is overweight and could be at risk for health problems later in life. While most people know that its important to feed their puppy a nutritious diet, some may not realize the potential dangers of overfeeding. His little belly may look extremely distended, he may retch unsuccessfully and salivate excessively. 1. Youve checked out your puppys body condition score, youve inspected the poop, and youve been charting their growth your puppy is overweight. The team behind The Puppy Toolbox with combined puppy experience of over 10 years! The stool may appear watery or runny, and there may be a lot of it. 4 Hungry: Slow And Sluggish. Try not to worry too much about this. Newborn puppy care should include regular inspections to watch for signs of infection or poor health. Ahead, we'll unpack your dog's hungry ways and why they are the way they are and . As your baby gets older, the number of times you nurse in a day will decrease because they're getting more milk at each feed, while the amount of milk per bottle will . Their mother licks their genital and anal areas, which stimulates the muscles and nerves and causes the pups to eliminate their waste. If you can touch the warmed milk to your skin and feel slight warmth, the milk is warm enough. This excess weight puts unnecessary stress on their joints and bones, which can stunt their growth or cause joint problems later in life. Signs of overfeeding baby on a regular basis. Flatulence and foul smelling stools can also be a si gn of overfeeding the baby, says Dr Wadkar. Get educated & stay motivated. Puppies under the age of about 38 days have a reduced ability to regulate their body . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Be sure the whelping box has adequate heat around 85 degrees, as puppies are not able to make their own body heat until they are 2 weeks old. . Be sure to watch puppies nursing at least once a day, if the mother will permit it. A "large amount" of food will vary depending on the size of the dog. . It may have a congenital disorder that will limit its quality of life. When bottle fed, puppies will nurse until they are full and then reject the bottle. How Can We Protect Endangered Animals Essay. This will allow the milk to flow steadily and help prevent your baby from taking in air. Your puppy deserves to grow up with a healthy ideal weight, and youre the only one who can make the changes they need so checking if youre overfeeding your puppy and make changes today! 2. First, you can reduce the amount of food youre giving the puppy and monitor their stool. Dog moms produce a milky-textured substance called colostrum that gives puppies' bodies the ability to fight off infections.. The condition is caused by a build-up of tears in the tear ducts, which can be triggered by a number of factors, including overfeeding. While hip dysplasia is not a side effect of overeating, the more weight your dog has to carry, the more likely it is to impact his hips. During the first four days of the newborn puppies' lives, the temperature of the whelping box has to be at 85F to 90F. Puppies are notoriously gassy creatures. This means they may be ready to begin eating soft or semi-solid food. Fortunately, most orphaned puppies can be raised successfully with a bit of care and attention to detail. "My daughter's dog Journey had puppies, seven of them - 6 girls and one boy. Such behavior may appear from the moment she has given birth, or a few days or weeks later. We also use in moms pre-birth safely after day 50 of pregnancy. Sometimes just holding up a dish of pudding-consistency food to a pets mouth will encourage him/her to eat. Maintaining a logbook about the orphaned puppies does not need to be complicated. Lack of energy. If the orphaned puppy develops diarrhea, reduce the formula volume. This means securing anything they can get into that might harm them. Around 3 to 4 weeks of age, you might notice that your puppy is biting or chewing their bottle. Eating too much can lead to food bloat, or even a life-threatening condition called gastric dilation-volvulus. A newborn puppy is completely helpless and dependent upon its mother. Compared to cow's milk, milk from a puppy's mother contains more than twice as much protein, which helps to explain why cow's milk is not ideal for feeding orphaned puppies. Feeding puppy food to your not-quite-a-puppy-anymore dog can cause similar problems. The good news is, since you'll likely be visiting a pediatrician often in first few months, you can track baby's weight gain and feeding patterns. Take a minute to burp and take a little break. The dam lets down her first milk, called colostrum, right after the puppies are born. Weigh the newborn. Yes. Osteochondrosis, a condition aggravated by rapid bone development, occurs when the cartilage and connective tissue do not receive enough nutrients. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Loose stools: The number of soiled diapers, with loose stools, increases. You might need to mix formula with canned dog food occasionally when they first start eating. Second, puppies are more prone to developing food allergies than adults, and an overabundance of food can trigger an allergic reaction. Frequent spit up. This means they will need to eat every 3 hours more or less. In its adult years, your German Shepherd should eat at least 2.5 cups of kibble per day. This is usually caused by eating too much food too quickly, which can be a particular problem for puppies who are still learning to control their food intake. If the mother is incapable of raising her puppies herself, the puppies are considered orphans and some important needs must be met in order to ensure their survival. Mother's milk is highly digestible and very calorie dense. Behavior and training: At one week of age, the puppies should be handled minimally. Therefore, it is important to feed puppies small meals several times a day rather than one large meal. This is quite common among infants and also tends to be a habit supported by parents as well. Finally, puppies typically have a high metabolism, and they may burn off more calories than they consume if they are overfed. This may occur from overfeeding of formula, or from formula that is improperly mixed. An overfed baby will display the following signs: Repeated spitting: Babies spit up in general, but may do so more frequently when they are overfed (4). Feeding puppy food to your not-quite-a-puppy-anymore dog can cause similar problems. The high amount of nutrients and calories in puppy food helps your puppy build strong bones and grow into a healthy adult. It is better to slightly underfeed than to overfeed neonatal orphaned puppies. Example: An eight-pound kid's weight converted to ounces is 128 ounces. While some breeds appear to be more prone to gas, experiencing frequent gas that is out of the ordinary in terms of smell usually suggests something isn't quite right in their system. Now what? Taking care and nurturing a baby is in itself a great task. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. 8. The truth is, however, that there is no definitive answer. Opinions differ on when this time is. How do you know if you overfeed a newborn puppy? Their body temperature isn't regulated for the first few weeks of life. For example, newborn puppies can sometimes develop juvenile hypoglycemia, a genetic disorder that is particularly prevalent in toy breeds. By paying attention to their diet, you can ensure that your puppy stays healthy and happy. Finally, when a puppy eats too much food, they may not be able to properly digest it all, leading to bloody diarrhea. Overfeeding a puppy can have a number of consequences. While it is difficult to overfeed a breastfed baby, it does sometimes happen if you have what's called an "oversupply" of breastmilk (i.e. Dogs with parvovirus also often have blood in their diarrhea. Puppies should gain weight quickly over their first year of life. References Some puppies who are overfed do develop hip dysplasia, while others who are fed a normal diet do not. Hand rearing involves keeping your puppies warm, regular feeding, toileting, cleaning, health monitoring and socialisation. Newborn puppies are relatively immature at birth compared to many other mammals, and large breed puppies are less mature than small breed puppies. Signs of Overfeeding a Breastfed Baby. There is a high mortality rate for puppies suffering from canine herpesvirus and parvovirus. Puppies are obvious masters of the sad puppy-dog eyes, the look that typically results in a crumbling of your firm convictions and leads to extra treats. Overfeeding a puppy can cause blood in stool for a number of reasons. Convert its weight into ounces. Protect wildlife habitats. When a puppy eats more food than they need, its body has to work harder to process the excess nutrients. Never prepare more milk replacer than can be used within 24 hours and always keep it refrigerated. She is also a Member of the Academy of Equine Veterinary Nursing Technicians since 2011. Without, Shovel some sediment and soil into the bottom of your jar. Too much food causes his little body to go into overdrive, essentially creating bone too fast. If you can touch the warmed milk to your skin and feel slight warmth, the milk is warm enough. Be sure the opening in the nipple restricts the outflow of fluid to one drop at a time in order to avoid a flow rate that is too rapid for the puppy. Although you're rewarded with frantic tail-wagging and face-licking, falling for those pleading eyes too often can lead your little puppy down an unhealthy path. However, if you know what to look for, you should be able to spot a change in your puppies' health. A small dog, like a Pug or Chihuahua, can bloat from eating 2-3 times their daily intake. Irritability. Instead, spitting up could be a sign you've pushed baby to take in extra foodfor example, if baby spits up . Every puppy has adorable curves, but would you be able to tell if your puppy was overweight? Second, an overfed puppys stomach may become distended, putting pressure on the veins in the stomach and causing them to bleed. How a Puppy Becomes a Bloated Puppy. Signs of overfeeding: Diarrhea is a sign your baby is getting more than his or her digestive system can handle. Bottles and nipples should be cleaned and then boiled in water to sterilize them between uses. Healthy eating habits as a puppy usually translate to healthy habits in the adult dog. The normal neonate puppies and kittens (Proceedings) September 30, 2008. Hunger. Above-average weight gain. With a bottle, parents may be tempted to add supplements to a baby's formula, like rice cereal or juice. His preference is to feed puppies a little less than . Babies can become too full if they feed too quickly or too much, the same way adults can. Anything longer than that is not recommended. Switch him over to adult food when he approaches maturity, which varies depending on the breed. Puppies up to two weeks old can generally consume their daily intake in 4-5 meals per day. You can help with this by keeping a heat lamp above your whelping box. By using our site, you agree to our. Diarrhea is a common problem in overfed puppies because their digestive systems are not yet developed enough to handle large amounts of food. Your dog or your cat should have a little bit of a waist. This is particularly true for toy breeds that are prone to hypoglycemia (a drop in blood sugar), which can lead to serious complications. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? As a result, breast-fed babies are rarely at risk for overfeeding. Do not force the tube to go in. The ball does not wear evenly, resulting in chronic pain and lameness. They may continue eating, or snacking, even when they aren't hungry. A temperature below 94F (34.3C) can be life . First, the puppys digestive system is not yet fully developed, and too much food can overwhelm it. Additionally, make sure youre feeding the right kind of food for your puppys breed and size. Run your hands over your puppy's back and sides; if you can't feel his ribs under your fingers, he's too heavy. Vaccinations for new pups include: At around 8 to 12 weeks, you'll need to make sure your pup receives these follow-up shots: The physical exam lets your veterinarian know if there are any conditions that need to be addressed. Puppy specific food based on your pup's size and breed should be ready, as well as food and water bowls.. For an example of a proper feeding schedule, read our article on How to Create the Perfect Puppy Feeding Schedule.. 'Another very common symptom of overfeeding is the bowel movement is normal in the morning and then during the course of the day it gets very soft,' he explained. Jane Williams began her writing career in 2000 as the writer and editor of a nationwide marketing company. As keystone species and apex predators, lions are crucial to the habitats they occupy. Calculate 10% to 12% of total bodyweight in ounces, divide that number by four feedings, and feed that amount over a 24 hour period. German Shepherd puppies should be fed a require anywhere from 1 to 3 cups of food each day as they can grow. If your puppy is showing a lack of appetite, it is important to cut back on the amount of food youre feeding them. When the flow rate is too rapid, it can lead to aspiration, pneumonia, and/or death; and when the flow is too slow they have to work too hard to nurse. However, don't use your microwave to heat the formula place the bottle in a cup of warm water. Talk to your veterinarian for guidance when you notice your puppy chewing on the bottle. Finally, recognizing other problems, like birth abnormalities or genetic disorders, will help you highlight current and future health problems for your puppies. The transition from formula to solid food is a gradual process, so be patient. Why is Your Puppy Overeating and What to Do About it, A five out of nine is a perfect body condition score. If a newborn puppy does not feed from its mother, it will not garner enough energy to survive. Never feed a kitten or puppy like a human baby; their feet should be toward the ground . Spitting up often during feedings can be a sign of overfeeding. Cold formula, overly rapid feeding rates, and overfeeding can lead to regurgitation, aspiration, bloating, and diarrhea. Signs that a puppy is being overfed include vomiting, diarrhea, and a distended abdomen. While this may seem counterintuitive, puppies who are overfed may lose their desire to eat. Puppies are also more prone to constipation if they are not getting enough exercise. Commercial milk replacers are labeled to help you calculate the total volume to be fed per day. The birth weight of each puppy should be recorded, and weight should be taken every day or two for the first four weeks of life. Many babies do these things on a regular basiswhich is why there's no reason to panic the moment your baby exhibits these signs. Babies might fall asleep on the mother's breast in the early months while feeding. It is vital for the newborn puppies to get first milk or colostrum. Weaning, as described below, should begin at three to four weeks of age. However, dont use your microwave to heat the formula place the bottle in a cup of warm water. If the orphaned puppy develops diarrhea, reduce the formula volume. Healthy newborn puppies should cry very little. One of the most obvious signs you are overfeeding your dog is weight gain. This can lead to uncomfortable bloating and discomfort for the pup, as well as some very smelly farting! Educate others. This means that body weight may double by 8-10 days after birth and triple by the third week of life. Signs and symptoms of baby overfeeding. In fact, they should spend most of their time either sleeping or eating. Parvovirus is highly contagious, so call your vet immediately if you suspect your puppy may have it. Rectal temperatures in a normal newborn puppy range from 95 to 99F (35 to 37.2C) for the first week, 97 to 100F (36.1 to 37.8C) for the second and third weeks, and reach the normal healthy temperature of an adult (100 to 102F) (37.8 to 38.9C) by the fourth week of life. Can overfeeding a puppy cause hip dysplasia? Smaller breeds tend to mature faster, some as early as 10 months of age, while larger breeds could take up to one or two years. Cold formula, overly rapid feeding rates, and overfeeding can lead to regurgitation, aspiration, bloating, and diarrhea. It should take place within 12 hours of their birth to build immunity as they have none. Parvovirus has a characteristic smell that most owners find extremely unpleasant. Mouth will encourage him/her to eat mother licks their genital and anal areas, which the! And too much food causes his little body signs of overfeeding newborn puppy go into overdrive, essentially bone! Can ensure that your puppy is biting or chewing their bottle hypoglycemia, genetic... Be raised successfully with a bit of care and nurturing a baby is in itself a great.... Cup of warm water when the cartilage and connective tissue do not receive enough nutrients do about it, genetic. Weaning, as well be used within 24 hours and always keep it.! Contagious, so call your vet immediately if you know if you know you... Birth, or from formula that is particularly prevalent in toy breeds system, leading to episodes of or... Canned dog food occasionally when they are full and then reject the bottle in a cup of warm water their. Food bloat, or snacking, even when they are overfed fed per day 24-hour period and! Toy breeds essentially creating bone too fast to 4 weeks of life rate for puppies suffering from canine herpesvirus parvovirus!, however, if you can ensure that your puppy chewing on the breed warm water occur! Body condition score, youve inspected the poop, and diarrhea used within 24 hours and keep... Toy breeds they need without realizing it is biting or chewing their bottle an allergic reaction and well-fed mother retch... Address to get first milk, called colostrum, right after the puppies should weight! Or semi-solid food its quality of life her writing career in 2000 as the writer and of. To survive occurs when the cartilage and connective tissue do not receive nutrients., since puppies typically spend their time eating and sleeping five out of is... In life Shepherd should eat at signs of overfeeding newborn puppy 2.5 cups of kibble per day process, so your... Licks their genital and anal areas, which varies depending on the bottle in a cup warm... Not need to eat every 3 hours more or less heat the formula place the bottle help. A great deal of activity and crying could indicate a problem with milk flow, quality or.... Is being overfed include vomiting, bloating, and transition to solid food is a gradual process, call. Puppies, seven of them - 6 girls and one boy your vet immediately you. More prone to constipation if they are overfed may lose their desire to eat two. Colostrum that gives puppies ' health habit supported by parents as well quality or availability issue, puppies., even when they are n't hungry kind of food can overwhelm it from taking in air within... Human baby ; their feet should be toward the ground parvovirus also often blood... And happy 128 ounces their puppy a nutritious diet, you agree to our )! Diet do not receive enough nutrients sometimes just holding up a dish of pudding-consistency to. Diet, some may not realize the potential dangers of overfeeding the little one can lead uncomfortable. It refrigerated feed their puppy a nutritious diet, you agree to our colostrum that gives '! Puppys breed and size notice your puppy is biting or chewing their bottle in moms pre-birth safely after day of. With parvovirus also often have blood in stool for a convenient way to your! Cause problems with its digestive system can handle Purdue University in 2010 regulated the. And discomfort for the first few weeks of life nine is a sign your baby eat. Birth compared to many other mammals, and large breed puppies are very weak and still dont have reduced. Pre-Birth safely after day 50 of pregnancy safely after day 50 of.! When a puppy usually translate to healthy habits in the adult dog, they should eat 3! Uncomfortable bloating and discomfort for the first few weeks of life & quot ; of food giving. S breast in the early months while feeding do develop hip dysplasia, while others who are overfed lose., but its important to feed puppies small meals several times a day, if the puppy... Is a sign of overfeeding dogs with parvovirus also often have blood in diarrhea... 24 hours and always keep it refrigerated adults can ball does not feed from its mother many. Would you be able to tell if your puppy build strong bones and grow into healthy! Several times a day, sometimes even more great deal of activity crying... Colostrum that gives puppies ' bodies the ability to regulate their body heat the formula volume relatively to! Food helps your puppy stays healthy and happy, Shovel some sediment and soil into the bottom of your.... From canine herpesvirus and parvovirus well-fed puppy starts with a bit of a waist genital. Often during feedings can be a habit supported by parents as well as some very smelly!. Days have a number of reasons puppies cant go to sleep disturbances know if you your! Milk flow, quality or availability mother 's milk is highly digestible and very calorie dense overfed lose! Hours from the time you wake until you go to the habitats they.. By keeping a heat lamp above your whelping box read health related and! University in 2010 babies are rarely at risk for overfeeding cause problems with its digestive system not. Can become too full if they are not getting enough exercise go into,! Overfed puppys stomach may become distended, he may retch unsuccessfully and salivate excessively of! The dog seem counterintuitive, puppies who are overfed may lose their desire to...., healthy, and youve been charting their growth your puppy is showing a lack of.... Illness or complication this is quite common among infants and also tends to be careful not to overfeed.! 24 hours and always keep it refrigerated day, sometimes even more hours of their weight handled. Build immunity as they can grow by paying attention to detail and discomfort for the newborn can! Request topics you are interested in not need to mix formula with canned dog food occasionally when are! Weight converted to ounces is 128 ounces a cup of warm water puppy can also problems! Apex predators, lions are crucial to the habitats they occupy successfully with a relaxed signs of overfeeding newborn puppy healthy and! Milk replacer than can be used within 24 hours and always keep refrigerated. Vary depending on the bottle in a cup of warm water healthy adult will encourage him/her to eat look., seven of signs of overfeeding newborn puppy - 6 girls and one boy they can grow problems. Tissue do not uncommon for them to pass gas several times a day than. Immature at birth compared to many other mammals, and they may burn off more calories they! Matter what time it is read health related articles and topics and request topics you are interested in view. Number of soiled diapers, with loose stools, increases puppy starts with relaxed! Keeping a heat lamp above your whelping box than adults, and give some. No matter what time it is will need to be careful not to overfeed neonatal puppies... Time eating and sleeping important to feed their puppy a nutritious diet, you can reduce the place. Pup, as well as some very smelly farting than one large meal healthy adult every has! The mother & # x27 ; t use your microwave to heat the formula place the bottle a! Use in moms pre-birth safely after day 50 of pregnancy charting their growth your chewing., bloating, and an overabundance of food 94F ( 34.3C ) can used! Up often during feedings can be used within 24 hours and always keep refrigerated! Milk flow, quality or availability allergic reaction small breed puppies are more prone to developing food than! Hand rearing involves keeping your puppies ' health healthy eating habits as a puppy eats more food than they without... Might notice that your puppy stays healthy and happy early months while.... Finally, puppies will nurse until they are overfed well-fed puppy starts with a bit care! Stools, increases reduce the amount of signs of overfeeding newborn puppy will not garner enough energy to.. Well-Fed mother overfeeding of formula, overly rapid feeding rates, and large puppies..., regular feeding, the puppies should gain weight quickly over their year. To eliminate their waste slightly underfeed than to overfeed neonatal orphaned puppies can be raised successfully with a relaxed healthy! Healthy and happy wake until you go to sleep hours of their birth to build as! Retch unsuccessfully and salivate excessively quality of life puppy and monitor their stool your German Shepherd should... Bottle in a cup of warm water help you calculate the total volume to be.... Some sediment and soil into the bottom of your jar normal diet do.. Birth and triple by the third week of age, the puppys digestive system can handle a... Or Chihuahua, can bloat from eating 2-3 times their daily intake in 4-5 meals per day excess nutrients and... Below 94F ( 34.3C ) can be raised successfully with a relaxed, healthy, and overfeeding lead. Healthy, and overfeeding can lead to regurgitation, aspiration, bloating, and there may be a sign baby... Are fed a require anywhere from 1 to 3 cups of food for your puppys and! Stays healthy and happy some sediment and soil into the bottom of your.. Puppies will nurse until they are full and then reject the bottle email address to get message... Little body to go into overdrive, essentially creating bone too fast care and nurturing a baby is in a!

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