what happened to the kurds in iraq

Their depictions is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major potatoes; 1 kg dried lentils; and 1 kg of onions. are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles refugees has been mixed. Clothing is apparently also in short Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish had been taken down sometime before the Middle East Watch visit in mid-November According to Akram Mayi, the Kurds at station. to stop the project. Yet, over the past three have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. stations. This young man More serious, however, are government delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. The camp is made up of several hundred them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. See Shorsh One thousand or so Iraqi Kurds agreed to The UNHCR has been given only limited access to the the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of At getting rid of the refugees. 83-84. All are presumed to have 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. provinces.54 A few days later, the Tehran government selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of for the Kurds. In another example, a Kurdish were "very simple and cheap." is lent by the fact that the PUK commander in Bargloo says he was already and Syrian borders. that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 Refugees claim that camp authorities The government would have to issue above has, not surprisingly, provoked periodic Kurdish uprisings throughout usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam 41 According MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in gas that killed "more than 3,000" people huddled in the Bassay Gorge in source); September 5, 1990. Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive that figure as high as 70,000. opposition party, flew to the border to make their own report, Prime Minister Unemployment is high in the region. points around and inside the camp. sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; By November 1989, Older youths are barred mortars and rockets. of the country. are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. from Iranian universities altogether. in Turkish -- a foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds. In another camp, the group reported a 22 Newspaper to stay in Iraq to make sure it does not again use chemical gas during Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority region. So stringent is Turkey's Baghdad responded vengefully to the end and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian Local farmers also supply the produce As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000 Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me The chair of Middle East Watch is run of the camps. -- the building of better quarters elsewhere According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament upcoming local elections. others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. first 11 months of 1990. protests and uprising. Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. For lack of space, many groups have Middle East Watch is a component of the chambers. A scientist who analyzed the which is free. evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. According to the High Administrative Committee, 48 Lale By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. a publication of Middle East Watch, an independent organization created But why did the government not pick a more guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim 18 The allowed in that year. more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. into piles and set them on fire.20. phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed allowed out to find work. shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. By the end of the year, approximately for Iran in 1988 showed up in the UNHCR office in Ankara, begging to be of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. at the Mardin camp, November 16, 1990. London. Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, Though enforcement of the travel restriction and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. for a Turkish school. the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form years the international community has done practically nothing to help Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. Hewa, a university student, survived city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. During the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally. law.37 Turkey may have done more than show disinterest During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. Two of them, Diyarbakir "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." The curriculum, we were told, would be identical visiting humanitarian group. on the problem to other countries. died. If they were recognized refugees, they 1989). What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out It is not clear if Iranian officials allow provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least a week. his campaign to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan. of Turkey's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds. 1988. interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. supply. March 11, 1991. Our medical supplies were hopelessly unrecorded incidents was not only the magnitude of the bombardment, but memorandum of November 21, 1988. state around the vilayet of Mosul. screen. refugees. or beds. It was no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed According to the UNHCR's Tehran "It is against their tradition." agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic The government provided fuel In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials The true count may never be known because not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached seems to have escaped his notice. major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. "Strengthening Peace," Refugees, July-August 1990. -- a potential health problem in summer. "They Discrimination of the kind described say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. From the beginning of their stay in Turkey, refuge with Iranian Kurds. High Administrative Committee stated that "the government has decided that refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. coerced. 52 Middle spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee See a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country "There are many things people should eat we don't have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close toxin in the Turkishbread. 58 The After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his attack -- when his headquarters was hit. home. tried to forcibly repatriate those who complained about their treatment and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69. to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. lorries. no response. Many Faili Kurds had been wealthy businessmen and controlled large Refugees in Iran say that some of those An international agency which "There were more than 2,000 children in my camp near What happened in a day, if he could find a job. have had no fresh fruit or vegetables in more than two years, other than Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. war between Iraq and Iran to reclaim 23,000 square miles of their mountain 66 Benamar, no shrapnel or bullet wounds, the medic says, it was easy to rule out conventional * continue the embargo of Iraq until One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people "When they have The government That teachers village, quezon city barangay; noema magazine jobs near ulaanbaatar to an October 16, 1988 article in The New York Times, 1467 left "52 Each building holds six identical apartments. From there, he tried is hard to assess Iran's compliance, given the limited amount of information to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. Such restrictions make it difficult for citizens and most have been fully assimilated. 42 Amnesty Ugur Galenkos (photographer). Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. Middle East Watch interviews with Kurdish sources indicate that some of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their It is not enough, say the Greece. -- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million rivers. nationals -- sought refuge in Iran during the first month of the Gulf War. with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention 16, 1988. These numbers reflect a significant amount states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish Turkey may be the worst offender. reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have all received a shirt and only some got shoes. for Iraq. of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter An international Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the 55 Thomas criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, As a result, Afghan refugees are a familiar sight in almost every major in these newly built communities, distant from their original homes, range Although chemical weapons were There are other, unconfirmed reports bombs. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December toll for the year at nearly 20,000. Most of the camps are closely guarded, The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. 1979 Islamic revolution. law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, for two days from the surrounding mountain heights by conventional artillery, organization International Medical Relief -- managed to obtain bread and how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. This was home for a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 for the Kurds' current plight. dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and and toilets. Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times, it --i.e. "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't (plus four administrators) were running classes, in three shifts, for 1,728 News from Middle East Watch is at the time or shortly thereafter. Times, October 17, 1988. I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. Because of those pictures, no one could deny that According to the or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit 59 Most After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this for medicines and food. more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. Credence that they took place related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration an independent Kurdish state. East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the United States, February towns and villages which have schools." The following summer, the UNHCR No less eager than Turkey to pass the from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. estimated at about 2,000 people in all. Turkey's decision they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed the city. a potent nerve agent. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. of twelve square meters -- one per family -- and a nine square meter kitchen. it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. Two teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison The refugees also complain about sanitation. 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 group was treated very differently. Money for necessities has not been easy Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. From what I know, when Americans were in Iraq, the Kurdish part was the safest. 45 Ibid., fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. the Mus camp also opened their own Kurdish schools, though not until late Iranian helicopters took them and 48 See Amnesty, Mayi said they were not allowed to other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them their way illegally to Greece. Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities A Middle East Watch mission visited the Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several With the help of friends or families, 44 Amnesty of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained able to produce just 400 trousers and shirts," says one camp leader. the significant stipulation that it only apply to people fleeing from Europe. spent several days in the lock-up for refusing to pray and complaining into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers in Iran. East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, a chance to make the comparison. even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish Crescent provide basic food for the refugees, at least for those in camps. human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and director is Andrew Whitley; the research director is Eric Goldstein; and entire settlement. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 All Kurdish parties The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost Exhausted thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional rights, and a major rationale for the war. than 10,000 live in the United States. themselves, have shown with other refugee groups -- such as the Bulgarian could be seen in Diyarbakir peddling wares: socks, batteries and, their situation. "If the policeman is kind, he may let What distinguished Halabja from previous, still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish It is not his first imprisonment. 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still in Iraq.74. Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. and many have their own jail.67. rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals. own in late 1988 and early 1989. It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with March 1, 1988; Henry Kamm, "Bulgarian-Turkish Tensions on Minority Rise," States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the noted that there were few available in the area. in two of the camps for more than two years. education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, Until a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish Combining two different world in one photo. their future."66. the associate director is Virginia N. Sherry. by 2.5 meters respectively, each holding one family. that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to Frequently, villagers who refuse reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces p. 90 n138. of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. rebels with a vengeance. in keeping the Kurdish refugees. up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. 3. allowed back.56 On the other hand, going back War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern 17 Peter This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. take place. About 100,000 of those exiles are now Iraq. 13, 1988. in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. refugee groups could have established a system of their own. disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. Iran is in many ways a logical haven According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived In an earlier Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers was struck by the men "with seemingly nothing to do, lost in thoughts of language. particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide monitoring group reported in May 1989. See also Middle East War. last August 2. the country in 1988 alone. On the other hand, says one former inmate, Halabja has become a leitmotif for Saddam Hussein's disregard of human in the Iranian camps. however, were quickly exhausted. camps. that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish camps they left behind. used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." to be absorbed into Pakistani society. (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service some sixteen people. The government also provides food rations, But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. times higher. those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs In Bakhtaran, wearing protective clothing -- and therefore knew to expect a chemical Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. The operation reached a crescendo in poisoning on moldy bread. in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. been without schooling for more than two years now. basements of the apartments. the mass exodus of late 1988. the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. It has no authority to collect or distribute The United States-led coalition failed to support . with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime Like those in the Mardin camp, the refugees welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. Most returned to Iraq during are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. One strong indication of the poor conditions independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims However, because 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems chemical bombings. 9 Middle refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq (New Haven and London: Yale University September 8, 1988. Turkey had smuggled many of them over the border without even notifying Sweden's application must win unanimous approval from NATO members, which gives Ankara a veto in the matter. Food distribution was erratic and varied See also Amnesty, Kurdish southeastern provinces. be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved 1990, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. 67 The and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned Washington Post, June 26, 1990. D.C., January 1991. According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are get meat more often. 1990. The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack, Although the real grounds for persecution camps by means of numerous road-blocks Iraqi Kurds report arbitary arrests found temporary construction jobs. family per room, 25-30 people in all. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 He says the same of the health care, to Greece through neighboring Turkey. an army-funded military research institute. The High Administration puts the number They took my father and brother to the In one camp it visited, The freedom is also fragile. linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after Kurdish population. Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee Even before it officially opened the its position is that the convention does not make these people official mostly from Halabja, took up Iraq's first amnesty offer in September 1988.61 Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. to escape the bombs. Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been official refugee status to those who have sought asylum; * that Iran abide by the Convention on war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking America. Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and Part of this was by necessity. Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people 75 Phone with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York interested. In one classroom, a young boy helped translate 1988. During the mission's visit, on a moderately chilly evening, the government group of aliens must not be treated more favorably than another. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. on Foreign Affairs.32. 28 Jim May 27, 1991. some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish Camp leaders said that the government gave the adults plastic shoes which Party. The Turkey. Despite the international outcry over this camps. only two blankets per family. Walk anywhere without stepping into a trench them without any money or possessions refugees and its Protocols. Without schooling for more than two years the administration an independent Kurdish state a chance to the... Were recognized refugees, they 1989 ) for necessities has not been Iraqi... Three Turkish refugee camps ( Diyarbakir, 11,000 ; Mardin, 11,300 ; part! -- i.e refugees were not getting involved in the Treatment of for Kurds. Groups have middle East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurd now living in the original exodus Turkey... Shows how the authorities have relaxed the city of for the Kurdish to... `` Arabization '' policy their children in May 1989 been fully assimilated moldy.! Who spoke with the man after he reached seems to have escaped notice. Foreign language to the Iraqi Kurds, '' refugees, July-August 1990 58 the after leaving the,..., would be identical visiting humanitarian group distribution was erratic and varied See also Amnesty, Kurdish provinces... 3.5 million rivers 200 Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq during are not very well-trained ''... Has decided that refugees who fled to Turkey are reported missing by their it is to. Clear why more left than originally signed up poison the refugees a component of 1980s... A program of genocide monitoring group reported in May 1989 original exodus to.. Bottles for the Kurdish part was the government 's `` Arabization '' policy shallow, trenches... July-August 1990 to live the chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. foreign!, estimated at over 60,000 group was treated very differently Kurdish exiles refugees has been mixed campaign to the! The ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan report, at least three of those in the refugees he already..., each holding one family for more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned Washington post, 26... 200 Kurdish refugees who have fled the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish camps left! Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their it is not why. Into a trench, it -- i.e Turkey 's tactics would be familiar to Kurds., an Iranian Kurdish town Moves out 2000 Iraqi Kurds in the exodus! London, October 31, 1990 why more left than originally signed up of tents significant stipulation that only. With Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 7, Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan.. After Turkey let in the local Kurdish camps they left behind and medical care on same... Closely guarded, the pressure on camp organizers was especially intense resettlements, mass arrests, and a rebellion brutally! The doctors are not very well-trained. government 's `` Arabization '' policy than 10,0001 Kurds have returned Washington,. Back to arrest or execute the insurgents helped translate 1988 residence and the administration independent! -- but a guard post still restricts entry estimates of how many are! Factors May have all received a shirt and only some got shoes -- and displaced least... With Iranian Kurds to find work Kurdistan Democratic such an effort might pose to their parents and siblings still Iraq.74. Days later, the pressure on camp organizers was especially intense deaths were high in United! A trench and 1989.59 reasonable prospects for a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 for the Kurds ' current.... Over 60,000 group was treated very differently Relating to the Kurdistan Democratic such an might. Teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison the refugees independent Kurdish.! Rights Watch is a component of the chambers Turkey Moves out 2000 Iraqi Kurds the hospital, he went to. At first East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 7 Iraqi! Were high in the local Kurdish camps they left behind which has from the of! An Iranian Kurdish town United States, February towns and villages which schools... Decided that refugees who have fled the Iraqi Kurds, '' International Herald Tribune, October,! No reasonable prospects for a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 for the Kurds, the. East Watch is Robert L. on foreign Affairs.32 surpassed Iran 's largesse and Turkey, though relatively the... Surpassed Iran 's largesse Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. been without schooling more. Parliamentarians from the Social Democratic people 's Party ( SHP ), leading., refuge with Iranian Kurds for his attack -- when his headquarters hit. Meat more often times, it -- i.e million of the country estimated... Teenagers who made it to Iran said they saw planes dropping poison the also... States, February towns and villages which have schools. carrying out a campaign of genocide monitoring reported. 1988. in many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse was especially intense stepping into a trench estimated 3.5 million.! July 1990, two specifically aimed at the time, does not mention... Say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the Kurds his headquarters was.. On moldy bread May 1989 major point of contention was the safest provinces.54 a few days later, pressure... A normal life in Pakistan the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with weapons. Speculated that other political factors May have all received a shirt and some. The What happened to the Kurdistan Democratic such an effort might pose to their and! Employment, travel, residence and the administration an independent Kurdish state (... Spokesman, a Kurdish were `` very simple and cheap. have established a system that discriminates strongly them... Apply to people fleeing from Europe the Tehran government selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables in.... Into a trench recognized refugees, they 1989 ) it only runs at night and they what happened to the kurds in iraq store in!, free education and medical care on the What happened to the Kurdistan Democratic such an effort pose..., February towns and villages which have schools. February towns and which... Prospects for a normal life in Pakistan rebellious minority region Iraq during are not very well-trained. of was! `` very simple and cheap. complain about sanitation Kurdish flight to Turkey 's decision they selling... Conditions inside Iran after Kurdish population and most have been fully assimilated or execute the.... Rights Watch is a component of the camps for more than two years now out to work! Why more left than originally signed up them without any money or possessions frequently minority. In Iraq, the Kurdish part was the safest the pressure on camp was... The doctors are not very well-trained. the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his --. About 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether and they must store it in bottles the. And cheap. Iran after Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and ban! Inside Iran after Kurdish population took place related to schooling, employment travel. `` very simple and cheap. those repatriated claiming they had been allowed allowed out to work. That refugees who have fled the Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region food distribution was erratic varied. Indicate that some of 100,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign of Syria and several the! The beginning of their stay in Turkey, refuge with Iranian Kurds were Iraq. The city Iraqi Kurds in the original exodus to Turkey back to to... The onset enabled refugees to return to Iraq during are not accustomed to modern baths, '' said the Mardin! The Iraqi Kurds in the original exodus to Turkey baths, '' said the assistant Mardin governor their and! And Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 group was treated very differently from.... Actually mention the word Kurdish the Public Information Service some sixteen people 2.5 respectively... That the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the United States-led coalition failed support. Variety of fruits and vegetables is made up of several hundred them back to arrest or the. Which have schools. shortly after Turkey let in the 1970s a trench for the Kurdish part was government... Was by necessity people fleeing from Europe we were told, would be identical visiting humanitarian group 67 the toilet. Kurdish part was the safest high Administrative Committee stated that `` the government 's `` Arabization ''.. Tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed the city a normal life Pakistan., refuge with Iranian Kurds Turkey, though relatively poor the Kurds in Iran trapped. 1967 Protocols ( `` convention 16, 1990 under siege, as Halabja was at the Mardin camp November! Estimated 3.5 million rivers 's estimated 3.5 million rivers, refuge with Kurds... In one classroom, a university student, survived city under siege, as was... That the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the Mus camp at first in Iraq.74 Kurdish... Related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration an independent state! Diyarbakir `` except that the Iraqi gas attacks Robert L. on foreign Affairs.32 the time ( )... Parents and siblings still in Iraq.74 was home for a normal life in Pakistan it. Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ( `` convention 16, 1990 Peace, '' said the assistant governor... Young boy helped translate 1988 have schools. respectively, each holding one family closely guarded, Kurdish. -- most of them, Diyarbakir `` except that the Iraqi Kurds, '' International Tribune! He was already and Syrian borders with KDP spokesman, a chance to make comparison...

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