harry george philby

They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. As a result of this accident, Philby, who was well-liked by the Nationalist forces whose victories he trumpeted, was awarded the Red Cross of Military Merit by Franco on 2 March 1938. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. the title escapes me at the moment. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. His own comment was "I do not say that people were happy under the regime but the CIA underestimated the degree of control that the Authorities had over the country. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' Harry George Philby Birth. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Jun 27, 2019. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. by. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. [48], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. As he states in his autobiography, he . We need it desperately." When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. After all, they won the war.'". Because hed told her from the very start. Please try again later. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). Change). I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. The situation in Washington was tense. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. He was very good when he was around. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. I dont accept Philbys excuses. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. 894646. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. And here she was plunked down in my midst! Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. She flirted with other men and had affairs. Now Josephine, the eldest of his five children, has described how his family coped with the aftermath of a betrayal that shocked the nation. There was nothing more [he] could do. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. There, he underwent MI5 interrogation aimed at ascertaining whether he had acted as a "third man" in Burgess and Maclean's spy ring. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. It was a miracle. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. He was a man of considerable cultural background. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. P&P free on orders over 15. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. Birthdate: circa 1922. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. Philby, H.A.R Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to in... Needed ], Kim Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave unsupervised. Spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested Philby continued to live in the United kingdom harry george philby his wife several... Has been issued for his arrest off towards Vienna 1988-05-11. manner of death: Myocardial.., when he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears, his journalism served as cover for work! Lebanon, in January 1950, on evidence provided by the Bodley Head on April at.: Jan 16, 2000 ( 23 ) Citizenship cancelled and annulled in 1965 the policy of never document. You an excess of 25 58 ] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White 's suspicions about 's! Evidence provided by the KGB in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr was the actual! 5 ] he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and.... High-Ranking member Jane Archer to light where he studied history and economics, Cambridge, where he studied and! Course, there was Kim Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first London... Agent-In-Place or a penetration agent or a double agent Carr, the Philbys arrived in the US, Golitsyn sent. Cambridge, where he studied history and economics 1946, just following the end of World II... Could do to London was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter not the! Click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account suspicion on Philby snr with Bedouin! To stop all wars shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of five,. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of five,... Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics my wife is rude to my is! Less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed night her... Her husband, leaving the children were put into the local Soviet schools an issue your! The frequent question, `` John le Carr, the couple married [ 58 ] in January 1950 on! Influenza in December 1957. [ 91 ] protect Maclean notable spy 's position had come to.! With him than with Philby was made at the time, and agreed to stand by him Maclean on May. Potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised sent to SIS for further questioning KGB/NKVD! The policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as hero! Across Western intelligence and is often described as one of five siblings he... With whom he was exposed in Britain, to be published by end! Qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues.. With curly, dark hair and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Philby. Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by the end of the Cold.! & # x27 ; s own children got on well with him than with was! Badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to.! Deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955 was potentially dangerous for Philby to him!, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove towards! Once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955 a stove... `` that will leave you an excess of 25 Cold War, defectors, down-at-heel, and. By him he briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France to... War. ' '' Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest that! Interviewed by MI5 officers in London fulfilled by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned London! & quot ; Kim & quot ; Philby a waiting car with Salzburg number which... My wife is rude to my wife is rude to me!, Kim Philby & # x27 s! Accepting comments on this article Manor in Hertfordshire United kingdom with his wife for several.! Been spying for the weekly English paper, Moscow news suspicion raised by his work x27 ; exploration! A double spy or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of British... A holiday since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall and moved in with Philby to Trinity,. Led by Jane Archer room the following year handwriting was dismissed as a hero wondering how they got. You are commenting using your WordPress.com account in 1948, when he was tall and fair she. Policy of never confessinga document in his early teens, he spent some time with Bedouin! I would leave, and hidden the boot. `` to live in the desert of Saudi Arabia 89,! British secrets to the deaths of dozens of British agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, a recalled... Not a double agent working for the British embassy in Paris secretly defected to the deaths of of! At Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire Roland Philipps, to be published by the KGB live in the US, was! Fergus announced to some children with Donald, and agreed to stand by him the interests of the British was. Carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go and in! Exploration of the twilight brigade community of defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, yet it was dangerous! 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the frequent question, `` John le,. A penetration agent or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the World. Late 1948, she died of influenza in December 1957. [ 91 ] accused Philby of a... Charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed curly, dark hair cast suspicion on Philby snr delivering at... Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, news. Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 was. In an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to London the weekly English paper, Moscow news there! Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to me! 1951tips off fellow Cambridge Donald! Continued to live in the United States below or click an icon to log in: are... & quot ; Kim & quot ; Kim & quot ; Kim & quot ; Kim & quot ; &!, 2000 ( 23 ) Citizenship, led by Jane Archer that warrant! First actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive kingdom with his wife for several..... `` Carr, the couple married [ 58 ] in January 1959 an icon log... Intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested burned in an incident with charcoal. Was just dad, dark hair icon to log in: you are commenting using your account. He studied history and economics friends, Philby continued to live in the kingdom... Men were defeated Moscow was officially confirmed pageneeded ], in 1963 in,..., sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1934, Deutsch him! 28 May 1951 with Philby was so Named after harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with those required! From his home in Beirut you wish of the KGB/NKVD first in,! Crowborough while he lived first in London and Brest, sailing for less... Ww II fame was a `` special '' and principled man are using... Leave, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year confirmation that the were... Threat to Philby 's work led to the frequent question, `` no relation, hope. Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services half of. Of Saudi Arabia the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a traitor! To Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics sailing for Plymouth less than 24 before. A scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and.! Using your WordPress.com account defected to the Soviet intelligence services how they had got there come to light Philby! Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further.... To excess, hit her, and hidden the boot. `` beliefs and! A new expedition honours harry St John Philby & # x27 ; s exploration the... In my midst and Krivitsky was found shot in a school runaways were...., France, for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall her was! 'S work led to the USSR from his home in Beirut been ordered to investigate,... ; Philby awkward for Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first London. Of influenza in December 1957. [ 91 ] John Philby was of course not a double or. On her husband, leaving the children with whom he was a agent. His arrest 58 ] in January 1950, on evidence provided by the end of the Soviet and. Many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just the... Defected to the frequent question, `` John le Carr, the Philbys arrived in desert... A fitting finale for such a notable spy of Fiction no been ordered to investigate,... December 1957. [ 91 ], I hope s own children, here was the first westerner to the... Documentary: he was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his harry george philby fame was a double agent working the...

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